Regions

Each Mastoura site is an integrated system running autonomously and continuously.

Hyper-arid Sahara: seasonal out-migration of herders southwards in search of pasture.

Plateaus with scarce rainfall: marked pastoral mobility to wetter zones.

Dry Sahel, dunes: frequent transhumance and pressure near water points.

Around Abéché: dense population and rapid farm expansion; recurrent farmer–herder clashes.

Plains and wadis: sensitive farm–grazing interface with frequent disputes.